Smoke from Canadian wildfires has prompted health warnings across the upper Midwest for the second straight year.
Fires raging in British Columbia and Alberta sent the haze over parts of Montana, the Dakotas, Minnesota and Wisconsin on Sunday, lingering into Monday morning.
The Minnesota Pollution Control Agency issued its first air quality alert of the season for the entire state on Sunday. The agency said pollution levels will be unhealthy for everyone. The agency urged people to remain indoors and avoid heavy exertion outdoors until the warning expired at noon on Monday.
The Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources issued advisories for multiple counties across the state's northern two-thirds on Sunday, warning that air quality is unhealthy for sensitive people. The advisories were set to end at noon on Monday as well.
The smoke left the skies over Michigan's Upper Peninsula hazy on Monday. Some people reported smelling the aroma of smoke, said Joe Phillips, a National Weather Service meteorologist in Marquette, Michigan.
Most of the smoke was expected to linger over Minnesota, Wisconsin and northern Michigan, but some could drift as far south as Iowa and Chicago, leaving skies looking milky by late Tuesday or early Wednesday, said Rafal Ogorek, a meteorologist in the National Weather Service’s Chicago office.
Nearly 90 fires are burning in Canada, according to the Canadian government's National Wildland Fire Situation report. A fire raging near Fort Nelson in British Columbia's far northeastern corner has forced evacuations.
Most of the smoke is hanging between a mile (1.6 kilometers) and 2 miles (3 kilometers) above the ground, where prevailing winds are driving it south and east, Ogorek said.
A record number of wildfires in 2023 forced more than 235,000 people across Canada to evacuate and sent choking smoke into parts of the U.S., prompting hazy skies and health advisories in multiple U.S. cities.
An analysis by World Weather Attribution, an initiative that aims to quickly evaluate the role of climate change in the aftermath of extreme weather events, found climate change more than doubled the chances of hot, dry weather that helped fuel the fire season.
The chances of more wildfires igniting this summer appear high. Northeastern British Columbia, northwestern Alberta and the southern Northwest Territories are suffering from an intense drought, meaning lightning strikes could trigger fires that grow quickly, according the Canadian National Wildland Fire Situation report.
Loretta Mickley, co-leader of Harvard University's Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling Group, said her group did papers in 2013 and 2015 looking at fire activity and ecosystems with an eye toward the future. She said increasing fire activity is consistent with a warming climate.
Drought conditions look to be less severe in Ontario and Quebec in the coming months, but temperatures are expected to be higher than normal, and it's difficult to predict if the moisture will cancel out the heat, she said.
“What will happen this summer? It depends on what the meteorology is like today and what happened over the winter,” she said. “In some regions a lot of rain in winter led to abundant vegetation. If that is followed by dryness or a drought then all that vegetation is ready to be burnt up and provide fuel to the fires.”
